A major area of focus has been the development of innovative biodiesel production pathways, particularly from microalgae and inedible oils, using immobilized lipases on advanced supports such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). These biocatalytic systems have demonstrated remarkable improvements in enzyme stability and reusability, enabling more efficient and environmentally friendly conversion processes. To further enhance process performance, we developed methods employing thermo-responsive switchable solvents and supercritical CO₂ for lipid extraction and transesterification. These technologies reduce solvent loss and energy consumption, streamlining biodiesel production from algal biomass and other unconventional feedstocks. This work has been protected under multiple patents and an authored book. Our proposed method for biodiesel production from microalgae and process intensification strategies was featured in Nature magazine for its contribution to advancing green energy technologies.